We like to think that we — our conscious selves — are in full control. That if we know what we are doing, if we plan carefully and work diligently, our hands will do as we intend. This is not true.

In neuroscience this is called motor programs — patterns of movement stored in the brain that allow the hand to act automatically once a goal is set. For example, when you pick up a cup, your hand adjusts its grip, finger positions and force according to the weight, shape and texture of the cup, all without conscious thought. Elite pianists or surgeons, for instance, rely on these subconscious corrections to execute complex movements.

A shockingly large proportion of the motor and sensory cortical areas — possibly up to a third — is dedicated to the hands and fingers, far more than to any other body part. The movement of a thumb requires more brain power than the entire trunk, legs or even the arms.

The hand constantly receives feedback from muscles, tendons and skin, allowing micro-adjustments in real time. These feedback loops operate faster than conscious thought, meaning your hand often “solves” problems before your mind even registers them. This is why you can write neatly, catch a falling object or play a difficult note without consciously planning every movement. This is why a craftsman or musician often retains their skill even when their cognitive functions begin to decline.

Don’t fool yourself: mastery does not come from “know-how”, diligence or attention to detail but from repeated, conscientious effort to make this mind-hand relationship work.