NATURAL RESINS — organic compounds of different nature and structure, of vegetal or animal origin. They are typically fusible and flammable organic substances that are transparent or translucent and are yellowish to brown in colour. They are formed in plant secretions and are soluble in various organic liquids but not in water.

Trees, particularly pines and firs, serve as primary sources of natural resins. Resin production is triggered by injuries to the bark caused by wind, fire, lightning, or other factors. As the fluid secretion undergoes evaporation, some of its more volatile components dissipate, leaving behind a soft residue. Initially, this residue readily dissolves but gradually becomes insoluble with age.

Resins found historical usage in the preparation of lacquers and varnishes by ancient civilizations such as the Chinese, Japanese, Egyptians, and others.

Although synthetic resins have largely replaced natural resins in contemporary times, the latter still find application as binding agents in eco-friendly adhesives, sealants, and coatings.