Context
Victorian Tile Manufacturers
and Their Marks
How to identify Victorian tiles
The list contains main British tile manufacturers from 1830s to 1910s. The following sources have been used: G.A. Godden, Encyclopaedia of British Pottery and Porcelain Marks, 1964; Llewellynn Jewitt, The Ceramic Art of Great Britian, 2nd ed. 1883; Julian Barnard, Victorian Ceramic Tiles, 1972; W. J. Furnival, Leadless Decorative Tiles, Faience and Mosaic, 1904; Rosamond Allwood, Victorian Tiles, 1978 and Terence A. Lockett, Collecting Victorian Tiles, 1979.
Successors to Sherwin & Cotton in the production of George Cartlidge's moulded portrait tiles.
Founded by T.S. Ball, John Ridgway (of the famous family of china manufacturers of Cauldon Place, Hanley), T.R. Sanders and F.G. Sanders. From 1861 the latter two ran the firm. The company produced a wide range of encaustic and wall tiles. In Kelly's London Directory 1876, they had a London agency at 11 Adam St., The Adelphi. Bought out by Carter & Co. in 1895.
Successors to Adams & Cartlidge and Sherwin & Cotton in the production of Cartlidge's portrait tiles.
Early maker of encaustic tiles in London. Also, produced "terracotta as applied to every purpose, glazed or enamelled tiles enamelled architectural enrichments for internal use".
Produced 'patent ironstone' and other china. They made many coloured glaze tiles of a good standard and colourful architectural schemes. Patented a process for dust-pressing encaustic tiles in 1863. Had a London showroom at Waltham Buildings.
They later became Booths Ltd., general earthenware manufacturers. Specialised in transfer printed art tiles.
Probably only geometrical and encaustic tiles. Responsible for the flooring tiles at the Royal Academy and Lincoln's Inn.
This was an extension of Ferguslie Fire-Clay Works established in 1839.
From 1887-1904 Holroyd & Armitage. Much architectural work in coloured glazes, for example panels on the side of the Midland Hotel, Manchester. Also makers of art pottery. Terracotta production was continued after 1904 by the Leeds Fire-Clay Co. Ltd.
Later were known as Camm Bros., Smethwick, Staffordshire, c.1870-1880. Decorators only of painted tiles "allegorical and historical" in subject.
Later became part of H. & R. Johnson-Richards Tiles Ltd. Founded by Colin Minton Campbell of Mintons China Works and Robert Minton Taylor, to produce encaustic and geometric floor tiles in opposition to Minton Hollins & Co. Soon branched out into many types of tiles though architectural decoration was their speciality. They had a London showroom at 206 Gt. Portland St. West as early as 1876 described in Kelly's Directory as a "depot for ornamental tiles, encaustic, majolica earthenware, plain, painted and enamelled". In 1896 the address is given as 340 Gray's Inn Road.
From 1921 traded as Carter, Stabler & Adams Ltd., Poole Pottery. Specialised in glazed tile murals and architectural schemes, plain floor tiles and terracotta from local clay. Exported wares to Canada and elsewhere. Had a London showroom in 1890 at 43 Essex St., Strand.
Took over St. George's Patent Brick and Pottery Works from David Barker in 1871. Encaustic tiles noted.
Succeeded by G. Barr and Fleming St. John, 1840-1848, in the same works. Encaustic tiles only. Ceased production in 1848 and sold out to J.H. Maw in 1850.
Later became W.T. Copeland & Sons, 1867-1970. Tiles made 1836 - c.1900. Early encaustic tiles and then plastic clay 'art tiles' and printed pictorial sets in the 1870s and 1880s.
Not identified, though tiles so marked are not uncommon. Miscellaneous and floral patterns, no pictorial examples recorded.
Great rivals to Maws. They produced much encaustic work such as the Roman Catholic Cathedral at Shrewsbury. Designs by leading architects such as Waterhouse and Goldie commissioned. No distinctive style in decorative tiles. Some rare items of art pottery are known. At one stage the firm introduced a profit-sharing scheme with the workers.
A catalogue in Hanley Reference Library is headed: "Manufacturers of Encaustic and Plain Tiles and Mosaics for pavements and all kinds of Glazed, Enamelled and Majolica Tiles for Dado's, Walls and Hearths." The company would appear to have made a wide range, though apart from two central panels in a hearth scheme all the illustrated tiles are simple patterned ones.
Hand-made tiles and plaques, painted or glazed in colours, early art nouveau in style. They made very striking art pottery. Examples are in the Williamson Art Gallery at Birkenhead.
Initially decorated other potter's blanks, subsequently made his own tiles. Very distinctive and much sought after tiles and wares. Worked wholly in the arts and crafts tradition. Quit potting to become a successful novelist.
One of the leading tile decorators. Made some plastic clay tiles which were decorated by Hannah Barlow. Many architectural decorations in the 1890s and early 1900s including the Winter Gardens, Blackpool, and Harrods' Meat Hall based on the designs of W.J. Neatby and others. Used Craven Dunnill blanks.
Produced a wide range of products including terracotta, mosaic, encaustic and "tiles for walls, floors, fireplaces and the like." By 1896 had nearly 1,000 employees and produced two million articles a month.
Recorded by J. Moyr Smith in Ornamental Interiors, 1887 as one of those tile firm's "whose productions in keramic art have become notable". Also recorded in Kelly's London Directory 1876, at 5 Bury Place, Bloomsbury (mosaic pavements).
No documentary record has been found, but oral information has been supplied for the tentative dates.
The principal product was high grade terracotta for architectural use, e.g. Holy Name Church and the Town Hall, Manchester, The Royal Albert Hall and the Natural History Museum, South Kensington.
Substantial maker of encaustic tiles of medieval design. They had a London agency in 1890.
Established in 1862. Produced stained glass, metalwork and furniture, and some tile decoration.
Following many mergers and amalgamations now Norcros Group. The firm incorporated many famous names: the Campbell Tile Co., T. & R. Boote, Maw & Co., Minton Hollins Ltd., Malkin Tiles, Sherwin & Cotton, etc. Responsible for the fine tile exhibits at the Gladstone Pottery Museum, Longton.
Their specialities were patent "Indestructible Floor Tiles" and patent "Aphthartic Glazed Tiles for walls, dadoes, grates, hearths etc."
Earthenwares and art pottery and certain decorative tiles, some marked with the firm's name.
Part of the earthenware firm of Edge, Malkin & Co. They had a large production of the general run of patterned, printed and glaze effects as well as encaustic tiles. They had a London showroom on Charing Cross Road.
Wares included printed floral and geometrical patterns, and a patented 'rainbow' glaze effect. They had a London showroom, 23 Farringdon Avenue E.C., and a growing export trade with "the Colonies and in South Africa".
Very large and important firm manufacturing the full range from encaustic and architectural schemes from designs by Digby Wyatt and Owen Jones, to single, hand-decorated plaques. Also art pottery after 1875. Major exhibitors overseas, e.g. Chicago World's Fair 1893, and prolific exporters.
In 1868 Michael Daintry Hollins took the floor tiling business out of the long established Mintons China Works on a division of the business. He subsequently built an entirely separate, new factory. This rapidly expanded into all aspects of decorative and architectural tiling. It was never really a serious competitor however to Mintons China Works in printed and pictorial tiles, but nevertheless had an enormous output of all other types. Catalogues and other documentary material exists.
Founded in 1793 by Thomas Minton producing earthenware and porcelain. Tile production began c.1830 under Herbert Minton. The firm was a pioneer in many developments. From 1845-1868 traded as Minton & Hollins, and Minton & Co. In 1868 the partnership dissolved, Colin Minton Campbell took the china works and Michael Daintry Hollins the tile business. Soon after this the large-scale production of decorative wall tiles began at Mintons China Works. Extensive records, pattern books, original documents etc., survive at the factory, now part of Royal Doulton plc.
Clifton Junction, Manchester. An important tile and art pottery firm. Many fine coloured glaze effects in art nouveau style were produced under the direction of the manager William Burton, after designs by Walter Crane, Lewis F. Day, C.F.A. Voysey, A. Mucha and others.
Noted in Pottery Gazette, 1st October, 1896, as "manufacturers of encaustic and plain tiles, and mosaics for pavements, glazed, enamelled, and majolica tiles for dadoes, walls, hearths and floors." Their speciality was "vitreous floor tiles".
Extensive manufacturers of majolica coloured glaze tiles for all purposes.
Made fairly wide range of ordinary printed and colour glaze tiles.
The firm made many types of terracotta, rustic wares, architectural enrichments, "paving tiles and facing bricks".
Terracotta products were manufactured by George Smith c.1860, subsequently the range was widened. They traded as the Midland Brick and Terracotta Company. Pictorial and printed tiles marked 'E. Smith' are known and not uncommon, they date from 1880+. Series include Shakespeare, nursery rhymes, as well as patterns.
A coloured advertisement sheet in the City Museum and Art Gallery, Stoke-on- Trent, depicts over thirty different designs in the art nouveau style.
Taylor was a partner of Colin Minton Campbell and Michael Daintry Hollins 1863-1868. He left the business in 1868 and set up on his own the following year as R. Minton Taylor & Co. He was sued by Hollins of the newly-established Minton Hollins & Co., for his use of the word Minton. Taylor's business was bought by Colin Campbell in 1874 and advertisements were issued for the Minton Brick & Tile Co. Again Hollins sued over the use of the Minton name to which he claimed exclusive right for floor tiles. His claim was upheld and Taylor and Campbell then formed the Campbell Brick & Tile Co. in 1875. Taylor produced some interesting neo-delft 4-inch tiles, and some of the blanks for the murals in the Grill Room at the Victoria and Albert Museum.
A group of Thynne's tiles are in the City Museum, Stoke-on-Trent. Mainly moulded and lustre glazed pieces.
The products were chiefly geometrical tiles, but decorative wall tiles are known. They had a London address in 1890.
Tile production c.1870-1900+. Manufactured tiles of all descriptions, though mostly transfer printed and decorative wares.
Makers of "fresco" tiles, which "in plain colours of varied shade, are particularly suitable for the the walls of stables, as the face is not a glaze, but a body fired on with a semi-glazed appearance, which, how- ever, reflects no glare to injure the eyes of horses"! In 2000 Pilkington’s Tiles took the Woolliscrofts over and in 2010 The Dorset Woolliscroft brand was acquired from Pilkington’s Tiles by Original Style.