Cyclopedia Topic: 

Materials

Cyclopedia Title: 

Natural Stone

Cyclopedia Subtitle: 

Short memo on the properties of most common stones used in tiling

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About natural stone used in tiling
Cyclopedia Introduction: 
We love natural stone. It adds value to your home. It ages well and is easy to maintain. It is a natural thermo-regulator that smoothes the temperature fluctuations, making your home cooler at summer and warmer at winter. And it is hygienic.

Here is a short memo on the properties of most common stones used in tiling.

Cyclopedia Main Text: 
Marble
Marble is a non-foliated metamorphic rock resulting from the metamorphism of limestone. It is one of the most common materials in residential and commercial properties.

It, usually, has low porosity and is easy to maintain. It is relatively soft when compared to other stones and easy to work with. However, it will scratch easily and is sensitive to acidic chemicals.

Must be sealed with an impregnating sealer after installation and then re-sealed regularly.

Slate
Slate is a metamorphic rock composed of illite, chlorite, and quartz. It also consists of a small quantity of carbonate minerals, iron sulphides like pyrite, and iron oxides like magnetite & hematite.

Slate tiles are, normally, easy no maintain, slip-resistant and have low porosity. They, however, can be chippy and prone to cracks. Must be sealed with an impregnating sealer after installation and then re-sealed regularly.

Granite
Granite is an igneous rock, that is, it is formed from the rapid cooling of volcanic magma. It is composed mainly of quartz and feldspar. Granite is hard to scratch, is resistant to most acids and has low porosity. It is, therefore, a perfect choice for hard surface applications where durability and low maintenance is the key.
Limestone
Limestone is sedimentary rocks, which means it is formed by the breakdown of other rocks, shells and even organic materials. Limestone has the natural and rustic look.

It is a comparatively inexpensive material and is easy to work with. This is a soft stone, normally very porous, easy to stain and sensitive to acids. Must be sealed with an impregnating sealer after installation and then re-sealed regularly.

Travertine
Travertine is a type of limestone. It contains holes caused by carbon dioxide evasion which often filled with synthetic resins or cements that, sometimes, do not polish very well. As such travertine can look inconsistent in appearance.

Travertine is, usually, easy to work with but may be unsuitable for wet areas. It is very porous, easy to stain and sensitive to acids. It can only be cleaned with a neutral or mild alkaline-based cleaner. Nevertheless, statistically, it is one of the most common stones in commercial and residential applications.

Must be sealed with an impregnating sealer after installation and then re-sealed regularly.

Quartzite
Quartzite is a hard, non-foliated metamorphic rock which was originally pure quartz sandstone. This is a hard, durable, slip and scratch resistant stone with low porosity which is easy to maintain.
Sandstone
Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of silicate grains. It is soft and easy to work with. It is, normally, very porous and easy to stain. It can be prone to scratches. Must be sealed with an impregnating sealer after installation and then re-sealed regularly.
Onyx
Onyx tiles are relatively rare since they are very fragile, expensive and tricky to install. They are easy to stain yet very sensitive to acids. Must be sealed with an impregnating sealer after installation and then re-sealed regularly.
Basalt
Basalt is an igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of volcanic magma. As such, basalt is extremely tough material, hard to scratch or stain.
Soapstone
Soapstone is a metamorphic rock that consists primarily of talc. It is soft, non-porous and non-absorbent. However, it can be easy to scratch.